1 00:00:02,120 --> 00:00:05,360 Now where comments can rarely help 2 00:00:05,360 --> 00:00:07,150 and often hurt our code, 3 00:00:07,150 --> 00:00:11,040 code formatting is another thing which is really helpful, 4 00:00:11,040 --> 00:00:13,260 when it comes to improving the readability 5 00:00:13,260 --> 00:00:15,840 and understandability of our code. 6 00:00:15,840 --> 00:00:19,010 Because code formatting improves readability 7 00:00:19,010 --> 00:00:22,730 and helps us transport meaning across our code. 8 00:00:22,730 --> 00:00:24,180 And we can differentiate 9 00:00:24,180 --> 00:00:26,700 between two kinds of code formatting, 10 00:00:26,700 --> 00:00:31,370 vertical formatting and horizontal formatting. 11 00:00:31,370 --> 00:00:32,490 Vertical formatting 12 00:00:32,490 --> 00:00:37,050 simply refers to any formatting any code structuring we do 13 00:00:37,050 --> 00:00:39,350 from the top to the bottom of our file. 14 00:00:39,350 --> 00:00:40,760 So vertically. 15 00:00:40,760 --> 00:00:45,550 That includes spacing between lines and grouping of code. 16 00:00:45,550 --> 00:00:49,150 And I will show you concrete examples in just a second. 17 00:00:49,150 --> 00:00:51,680 Horizontal formatting on the other end 18 00:00:51,680 --> 00:00:54,530 is everything which happens within one line of code. 19 00:00:54,530 --> 00:00:56,510 So horizontally. 20 00:00:56,510 --> 00:00:59,010 And that involves indentation, 21 00:00:59,010 --> 00:01:01,730 space between code in one line of code, 22 00:01:01,730 --> 00:01:04,830 and of course in general the width of our code lines. 23 00:01:04,830 --> 00:01:08,530 Now when it comes to formatting and formatting properly, 24 00:01:08,530 --> 00:01:11,200 it is of course true that formatting is important 25 00:01:11,200 --> 00:01:13,500 and helps us with code readability, 26 00:01:13,500 --> 00:01:15,630 but only if it's done properly. 27 00:01:15,630 --> 00:01:18,840 And here we'll not just have some general rules 28 00:01:18,840 --> 00:01:22,360 and concepts which I will show you over the next lectures, 29 00:01:22,360 --> 00:01:26,430 but we'll also have language specific formatting rules. 30 00:01:26,430 --> 00:01:29,400 Where most of the concepts shown in this course 31 00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:32,150 apply across all languages. 32 00:01:32,150 --> 00:01:33,730 We also have formatting rules 33 00:01:33,730 --> 00:01:37,320 which differ between different programming languages. 34 00:01:37,320 --> 00:01:39,510 And is always the general conventions 35 00:01:39,510 --> 00:01:41,980 and style guides of these languages, 36 00:01:41,980 --> 00:01:44,800 which you wanna follow when it comes to formatting. 37 00:01:44,800 --> 00:01:47,770 So for example, if you think about indentation 38 00:01:47,770 --> 00:01:49,940 something I will come back to in a second, 39 00:01:49,940 --> 00:01:52,640 and you will think about whether you wanna indent by 40 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:56,360 two spaces or four spaces, or by using taps. 41 00:01:56,360 --> 00:01:59,440 Then it's always also the language guidelines 42 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:01,910 and style guides which you will typically find, 43 00:02:01,910 --> 00:02:05,740 which answered the question on how to indent properly. 44 00:02:05,740 --> 00:02:07,870 So you never wanna forget about these. 45 00:02:07,870 --> 00:02:10,510 Nonetheless, there also are some general rules 46 00:02:10,510 --> 00:02:12,700 and concepts, which always apply. 47 00:02:12,700 --> 00:02:14,610 And these are the rules and concepts, 48 00:02:14,610 --> 00:02:17,280 we're now going to have a closer look at. 49 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:18,770 So let's now take a closer look 50 00:02:18,770 --> 00:02:21,100 at these two kinds of formatting's 51 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:23,000 and let's understand which kind of rules 52 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:24,303 we should follow there.